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Name of the Czech Republic : ウィキペディア英語版
Name of the Czech Republic
The name of the Czech Republic derives from the Slavic tribe of Czechs ((チェコ語:Čechové)). Nearly two decades after the split of Czechoslovakia into Slovakia and the Czech Republic, the latter continues to be known by several competing names in English and Czech. The official〔Pavel Boháč, Jaroslav Kolář (1993): Jména států a jejich územních částí = Names of states and their territorial parts. Český úřad zeměměřický a katastrální, Praha.〕〔(UNGEGN World Geographical Names )〕 short-form Czech name for the Czech lands (i.e. Bohemia, Moravia, Czech Silesia) is ''Česko''.〔〔(Miloslava Knappová: Česko = Česká socialistická republika. Naše řeč, ročník 66 (1983), číslo 4. )〕〔(Česko (archivovaná verze z 9. března 2013) ), Na co se nás často ptáte, Jazyková poradna, Ústav pro jazyk český AV ČR, Středisko společných činností AV ČR, nedatováno〕〔(Česko ), heslo v Internetové jazykové příručce, 2008–2014 Ústav pro jazyk český AV ČR, naposledy změněno 8. ledna 2012〕 The English equivalent "Czechia"〔 , though attested as early as 1841,〔(Hugh James Rose (1841): A New General Biographical Dictionary, Vol. III, BAH-BEE. )〕 is rarely used in the English-speaking world. The name "the Czech Republic" ((チェコ語:Česká republika)) was created in 1990〔(Ústavní zákon České národní rady č. 53/1990 Sb. o změně názvu České socialistické republiky. )〕 and is the official long-form name.〔〔〔(Ústava České republiky ze dne 16. prosince 1992 - ústavní zákon č. 1/1993 Sb. ve znění ústavního zákona č. 347/1997 Sb., 300/2000 Sb., 448/2001 Sb., 395/2001 Sb., 515/2002 Sb., 319/2009 Sb., 71/2012 Sb. a 98/2013 Sb. )〕
==Czech name==
The country is named after the Czechs ((チェコ語:Čechové)), a Slavic tribe residing in central Bohemia which subdued the surrounding tribes in the late 9th century and created the Czech/Bohemian state. The origin of the name of the tribe itself is unknown. According to legend, it comes from their leader Čech, who brought them to Bohemia. Research regards Čech as a derivative of the root ''čel-'' (member of the people, kinsman).
Several variants of the name have been used over the centuries, due to the evolution of the Czech language. The digraph "cz" was used until the 16th century reform, being eventually replaced by "č" by the end of the century (changing ''Czechy'' to ''Čechy''). In the late 19th century the suffix for the names of countries changed from -y to -sko (e.g. ''Rakousy''-''Rakousko'' for Austria, ''Uhry''-''Uhersko'' for Hungary). While the notion of ''Česko'' appears for the first time in the late 18th century, it only came into official use in 1918 as the first part of the name of the newly independent Czechoslovakia (''Česko-Slovensko'' or ''Československo'') . Within that state, the Czech Socialist Republic (''Česká socialistická republika'', ''ČSR'')〔(Miloslava Knappová: Česko = Česká socialistická republika. Naše řeč, ročník 66 (1983), číslo 4. )〕 was created on 1 January 1969.〔(Ústavní zákon č. 143/1968 Sb. ze dne 27. října 1968 o československé federaci )〕 On 6 March 1990 the Czech Socialist Republic was renamed the Czech Republic (''Česká republika'', ''ČR'').〔(Ústavní zákon České národní rady č. 53/1990 Sb. o změně názvu České socialistické republiky. )〕 When Czechoslovakia broke up in 1993, the Czech part of the name was intended to serve as the name of the Czech state. The decision started a dispute as many perceived the "new" word ''Česko'', which before had been only rarely used alone, as harsh sounding or as a remnant of ''Československo''.〔(Looking for a name – Radio Prague ) Radio.cz (2011-01-21). Retrieved on 2011-01-27.〕 The older term ''Čechy'' was rejected by many because it was primarily associated with Bohemia proper and to use it for the whole country was seen as inappropriate. This feeling was especially prominent among the inhabitants of Moravia.
The use of the word "Česko" within the country itself has increased in recent years.〔According to the official Czech list of country names (Jména států a jejich územních částí. Český úřad zeměměřický a katastralní, Praha 2009, ISBN 978-80-86918-57-0): ''Česko je kodifikovaný jednoslovný název státu, který se podle ústavy oficiálně nazývá Česká republika'' ("Česko is a standardized one-word name of the state, which is officially named Česká republika according to its constitution")〕 During the 1990s, "Česko" was rarely used and viewed as controversial: some Czech politicians and public figures (e.g. media magnate Vladimír Železný) expressed concern about the non-use of ''Česko'' and ''Czechia''; on the other side, individuals such as president Václav Havel and minister Alexandr Vondra have strongly opposed using these forms. In 1997, the Civic initiative Czechia was formed by linguists and geographers in Brno to promote the use of Czechia.〔(Official pages )〕 The following year, a conference of professionals aimed at encouraging the use of the name was held at Charles University in Prague. The Czech Senate held a session on the issue in 2004.〔(Pozvánka na 7. veřejné slyšení Senátu - 11. 5. 2004 (Funkční rozlišování spisovných názvů Česká republika a Česko a jejich cizojazyčných ekvivalentů) )〕〔(7. veřejné slyšení - 11. 5. 2004 (Funkční rozlišování spisovných názvů Česká republika a Česko a jejich cizojazyčných ekvivalentů) )〕

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